شيخ

Root entry · 30 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of age, specifically old age, and the status or respect associated with it. It extends to terms for elderly individuals, the passage of time, and also encompasses specific geographical locations, plants, and even astronomical phenomena.

Derived headwords

الشَّيْخnoun

1.
elderly manboth
An old man, especially one whose age has become apparent and who shows signs of graying hair.
2.
man aged fiftyclassical
Specifically refers to a man between fifty and eighty years old.
3.
treeclassical
A type of tree, also called the 'tree of the old men', which bears fruit similar to that of the colocynth.
4.
woman's husbandclassical
A term used for a woman's husband.

الشَّيْخُونnoun

1.
elderly menboth
Plural of 'shaykh', referring to elderly men.

شَيَّخَverb

1.
to call elderlyboth
To call someone 'shaykh' out of respect and veneration.
2.
to criticizeclassical
To find fault with someone or to denounce them publicly.
3.
to exposeclassical
To expose someone's faults or to disgrace them.

شُيُوخnoun

1.
eldersboth
The standard plural of 'shaykh', referring to a group of elderly men or leaders.

شُيُوخnoun

1.
eldersclassical
A plural of 'shaykh', pronounced with a kasra for phonetic reasons.

أَشْيَاخnoun

1.
eldersclassical
A plural of 'shaykh', similar to 'bayt' and 'abyat'.
2.
starsclassical
Refers to the stars, specifically those that do not descend into the moon's mansions.

شَيْخَةnoun

1.
old ageclassical
The state of being old, with a specific pronunciation pattern.
2.
white sand duneclassical
A white sand dune found in the lands of the Banu Asad and Banu Hanthala tribes.
3.
plantclassical
A type of plant, likely named for its whiteness.

شَيْخَةnoun

1.
old ageclassical
A term for old age, pronounced with a kasra and then a fatha.

شَيْخَانname

1.
place nameclassical
A place name, specifically a location in Medina where the Prophet (peace be upon him) camped and reviewed his troops.
2.
titleclassical
A title given to Mus'ab ibn Abdullah, a traditionist.

مَشِيخَةnoun

1.
eldershipclassical
The state or position of being an elder or leader.
2.
group of eldersclassical
A collective term for a group of elders.

مَشْيُوخَاءnoun

1.
old ageclassical
A rare form referring to old age.

مَشِيخَاءnoun

1.
old ageclassical
A variant form of 'mashyookhaa', referring to old age.

مَشَايِخnoun

1.
eldersclassical
A plural form of 'shaykh', considered by some to be a plural of 'mashiikha' rather than a direct plural of 'shaykh'.

الأَشَايِيخnoun

1.
eldersclassical
A plural form referring to a group of elders, considered a plural of 'ashyaakh'.

شُيَيْخnoun

1.
diminutive of elderclassical
The diminutive form of 'shaykh', pronounced with a damma on the first letter.

شُيَيْخnoun

1.
diminutive of elderclassical
The diminutive form of 'shaykh', pronounced with a kasra on the first letter, a variation allowed for words with a yā' in the middle.

شُوَيْخnoun

1.
diminutive of elderclassical
A diminutive form of 'shaykh', pronounced with a waw, though considered rare and rejected by some lexicographers.

الشَّيْخِيَّانname

1.
نسبة إلى الشيخclassical
A nisba (attribution) to 'al-Shaykh al-Qutb al-Imam Abi Nasr al-Mihani'.

شَاخَverb

1.
to grow oldboth
To become old or advanced in age.

شَيْخًاnoun

1.
old ageboth
The state of being old, a masdar of 'shākha'.

شُيُوخَةnoun

1.
old ageboth
The state of being old, a masdar of 'shākha'.

شُيُوخِيَّةnoun

1.
old ageclassical
A variant masdar for 'old age'.

شَيْخُوخَةnoun

1.
old ageboth
A masdar denoting old age.

شَيْخُوخِيَّةnoun

1.
old ageclassical
A variant masdar for 'old age'.

تَشَيَّخَverb

1.
to grow oldclassical
To become old, synonymous with 'shākha'.

تَشْيِيخnoun

1.
calling elderlyboth
The act of calling someone 'shaykh' out of respect.
2.
exposingclassical
The act of exposing someone's faults or disgracing them.

الشَّيْخَةnoun

1.
white sand duneclassical
A white sand dune found in the lands of the Banu Asad and Banu Hanthala tribes.
2.
plantclassical
A type of plant, likely named for its whiteness.

الشَّيْخَةnoun

1.
pass or ascentclassical
A pass or ascent in a mountain, possibly named for its whiteness.

الشَّاخَّةadjective

1.
moderateclassical
Describing something as moderate or balanced, derived from a root possibly related to 'shawkha'.

الشَّيْخnoun

1.
wetherclassical
An old ram (wether).
2.
curdling milkclassical
The act of curdling milk.

Parallel reading

قال شيخنا الثاني غريب غير معروف في الأمهات المشهورة

Our second shaykh said it is strange and unknown in the famous mother lexicons.

من استبانت فيه السن وظهر عليه الشيب

One in whom age has become apparent and graying hair has shown.

هو شيخ من خمسين إلى آخره

He is a shaykh from fifty onwards.

هو من إحدى وخمسين إلى آخر عمره

He is from fifty-one to the end of his life.

هو من الخمسين إلى الثمانين

He is from fifty to eighty.

ج شيوخ، بالضم على القياس

Plural: shuyūkh, with a damma, according to analogy.

وشيوخ، بالكسر لمناسبة التحتية

And shuyūkh, with a kasra for phonetic harmony with the underlying letter.

وأشياخ كبيت وأبيات

And ashyākh, like bayt and abyāt.

وشيخة بكسر ففتح

And shaykhah, with a kasra then a fatha.

وشيخة كصيبية

And shaykhah, like ṣaybiyyah.

وشيخان، بالكسر كضيفان

And shaykhān, with a kasra, like ḍayfān.

ومشيخة، بفتح الميم وكسرها وسكون الشين وفتح التحتية وضمها

And mashiikha, with a fatha on the mim, and its kasra, and sukoon on the sheen, and a fatha on the yaa and its damma.

ومشيخة، بفتح الميم وكسر المعجمة

And mashiikha, with a fatha on the mim and a kasra on the ayn.

ومشيوخاء، وقد مر في الجيم

And mashyūkhā', which was previously mentioned under the letter jīm.

ومشيخاء، بحذف الواو منها

And mashīkhā', with the waw omitted.

ومشايخ، وأنكره ابن دريد

And mashāyikh, which Ibn Durayd rejected.

المشايخ ليست جمعا لشيخ، وتصلح أن تكون جمع الجمع

Al-mashāyikh is not a plural of shaykh, but can serve as a plural of a plural.

قيل مشايخ جمع شيخ لا على القياس، والتحقيق أنه جمع مشيخة كمأسدة، وهي جمع شيخ

It is said that mashāyikh is a plural of shaykh not by analogy; the reality is that it is a plural of mashiikha, which is a plural of shaykh.

ومما أغفله من جموع الشيخ الأشاييخ

And among the plurals of shaykh that he omitted is al-ashāyīkh.

هؤلاء الأشاييخ، يراد جمع أشياخ، مثل أناييب وأنياب

These are al-ashāyīkh, meaning the plural of ashyākh, like anāyīb and anyāb.

وتصغيره شُيَيْخ بالضم، على الأصل

And its diminutive is shuyaykh, with a damma, according to the original form.

وشُيَيْخ، بالكسر على ما جوزوه في اليائي العين، كبييت

And shuyaykh, with a kasra, as they permit for words with a yā' in the middle, like bayt.

وشُوَيْخ بالواو، قليلة

And shuyaykh, with a waw, is rare.

وهي شيخة، ولو قال: وهي بهاء كفى

And it is shaykhah, and if he had said: 'and it is with haa', it would have sufficed.

باتت على أرم عذوبا كأنها شيخة رقوب

She spent the night without eating, as if she were a watchful old woman.

وشاخ يشيخ شيخا محركة، وشيوخة بضم، الشين وكسرها كسهولة

And he grew old, he grows old, shaykhan (masdar), and shuyūkhah (masdar), with a damma on the sheen and its kasra, like suhūlah.

وشيوخية، بضم الشين وكسرخها

And shuyūkhiyyah, with a damma on the sheen and its kasra.

وزاد اللحياني شيخوخة وشيخوخية

And al-Laythiyān added shaykhūkhah and shaykhūkhiyyah.

فهو شيخ

So he is a shaykh.

وشيخ تشيخا وتشيخ: شاخ

And shaykh (verb form V) and tashayyakha (verb form V): he grew old.

وأشياخ النجوم هي الدراري

And ashyākh al-nujūm are the stars.

أشياخ النجوم هي التي لا تنزل في منازل القمر المسماة بنجوم الأخذ

Ashyākh al-nujūm are those that do not descend into the moon's mansions called the mansions of taking.

أرى أنه عنى بالنجوم الكواكب الثابتة

I think he meant the fixed stars by 'nujūm'.

إنما هي أسناخ النجوم، وهي أصولها التي عليها مدار الكواكب وسيرها

They are actually the foundations (asnākh) of the stars, which are their bases around which the planets orbit and move.

والشيخ: شجرة

And al-shaykh: a tree.

ومن الأشخار الشيخ، وهي شجرة يقال لها شجرة الشيوخ

And among the trees is al-shaykh, which is a tree called the tree of the old men.

وهي شجرة العصفر، منبتها الرياض والقربان

And it is the saffron tree, growing in the meadows and near the sacrifices.

والشيخ للمرأة: زوجها

And al-shaykh for a woman: her husband.

ورستاق الشيخ: ع بأصفهان

And Rustaqa al-Shaykh: a place in Isfahan.

وشيخان: لقب مصعب بن عبد الله المحدث

And Shaykhān: a title of Mus'ab ibn Abdullah, the traditionist.

ع بالمدينة على ساكنها أفضل الصلاة والسلام، وهو معسكره صلى الله عليه وسلم يوم أحد

A place in Medina (may the best prayers and peace be upon its inhabitant), which was the Prophet's (peace be upon him) encampment on the day of Uhud.

وبه عرض الناس

And there the people were reviewed.

وشيخه تشييخا: دعاه شيخا، تبجيلا وتعظيما

And he called him shaykh (verb form II), tashyīkhan: he called him shaykh, out of reverence and veneration.

وشيخ عليه: عابه وشنع عليه

And he found fault with him (verb form I): he criticized him and denounced him.

وشيخ به: فضحه

And he exposed him (verb form I): he disgraced him.

شيخت بالرجل تشييخا وسمعت به تسميعا، ونددت به تنديدا، إذا فضحته

I exposed a man (tashyīkhan), and I spoke ill of him (tasmī'an), and I denounced him (tandīdan), if I disgraced him.

والشيخة: رملة بيضاء ببلاد أسد وحنظلة

And al-shaykhah: a white sand dune in the lands of Asad and Hanthalah.

ومن جحره بالشيخة اليتقصع

And from its burrow in the shaykhah, it emerges.

والشيخة، بكسر الشين: ثنية

And al-shaykhah, with a kasra on the sheen: a mountain pass.

والصواب على ما في اللسان وغيره من الأمهات نبتة، واحدة النبت، وبالنون ثم الموحدة، لبياضها

And the correct reading, according to al-Lisān and other mother lexicons, is nabtah, singular of nabt, with a nūn then a bā', due to its whiteness.

والشاخة: المعتدل

And al-shākhkhah: the moderate one.

وإنما قضينا على أن ألف شاخة ياء لعدم شوخ، وإلا فقد كان حقها الواو لكونها عينا

We concluded that the alif of shākhkhah is a yā' due to the absence of 'shawkha', otherwise its origin would have been waw as it is the 'ayn' of the root.

شيخ بين التشيخ والتشييخ والشيخوخة

Shaykh (as a noun) is between tashayyukh (verb V), tashyīkh (masdar II), and shaykhūkhah (masdar).

والشيخ: وطب اللبن

And al-shaykh: curdling of milk.

والشيخ: الوعل المسن

And al-shaykh: the old mountain goat.

ورث من مشيخته الكرم ومن أشياخه: آبائه

He inherited generosity from his elders (mashiikhatihi) and his ancestors (ashyākhihi).