وَصَوَابُهُ بَعَثْتُكَ قَابِسًا، وَكَانَ لِعَائِشَةَ هَذِهِ مَوْلًى يُقَالُ لَهُ: فِنْدٌ، وَكَانَ مِخَنَّثًا مِنْ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ، بَعَثَتْهُ يَقْتَبِسُ لَهَا نَارًا، فَتَوَجَّهَ إِلَى مِصْرَ، فَأَقَامَ بِهَا سَنَةً، ثُمَّ جَاءَهَا بِنَارٍ وَهُوَ يَعْدُو، فَعَثَرَ فَتَبَدَّدَ الْجَمْرُ، فَقَالَ: تَعَسَتِ الْعَجَلَةُ، فَقَالَتْ عَائِشَةُ: بَعَثْتُكَ ... الْخ
And the correct version is: 'I sent you as a fire-seeker.' Aisha had a freedman named Find, who was effeminate and from Medina. She sent him to fetch fire for her. He went to Egypt, stayed there for a year, then came to her running with fire. He stumbled, and the embers scattered. He said: 'May haste be ruined!' So Aisha said: 'I sent you...'
مَا رَأَيْنَا لِغُرَابٍ مَثَلًا إِذْ بَعَثْنَاهُ يَجِيءُ بِالْمُشْمِلَةِ غَيْرَ فِنْدٍ أَرْسَلُوهُ قَابِسًا فَثَوَى حَوْلًا وَسَبَّ الْعَجَلَةَ
We have not seen an example for a crow when we sent it to bring the cloak, except for Find, whom they sent as a fire-seeker, and he stayed for a year and cursed haste.
وَاسْتَغَاثَنِي فُلَانٌ فَأَغَثْتُهُ إِغَاثَةً وَمَغُوثَةً
So-and-so sought my help, and I aided him with aid and succor.
وَيُقَالُ: اِسْتَغَثْتُ فُلَانًا فَمَا كَانَ لِي عِنْدَهُ مَغُوثَةٌ، أَيْ إِغَاثَةٌ
And it is said: 'I sought help from so-and-so, but I found no help from him,' meaning, no aid.
اَلِاسْتِغَاثَةُ: طَلَبُ الْغَوْثِ، وَهُوَ التَّخَلُّصُ مِنَ الشِّدَّةِ وَالنِّقْمَةِ، وَالْعَوْنُ عَلَى الْفِكَاكِ مِنَ الشَّدَائِدِ
Seeking help: asking for aid, which is deliverance from hardship and punishment, and help in escaping from difficulties.
تَسْتَغِيثُونَ رَبَّكُمْ
you invoke your Lord for help
حَتَّى اِسْتَغَاثَ بِمَاءٍ لَا رِشَاءَ لَهُ مِنَ الْأَبَاطِحِ فِي حَافَاتِهِ الْبِرَكُ
Until he sought help from water that had no rope, from the lowlands, with pools on its edges.
فَلَا عِبْرَةَ بِتَخْطِئَةِ ابْنِ مَالِكٍ لِلنُّحَاةِ فِي قَوْلِهِمْ: الْمُسْتَغَاثُ لَهُ وَبِهِ
So Ibn Malik's criticism of the grammarians in their saying: 'the one sought for and by whom help is sought' is of no consequence.
أَغِثْنِي، أَيْ فَرِّجْ عَنِّي
Aid me, meaning, relieve me.
اللَّهُمَّ أَغِثْنَا بِالْهَمْزَةِ مِنَ الْإِغَاثَةِ
O God, grant us relief (with hamza, from al-Ighathah).
وَيُقَالُ فِيهِ: غَاثَهُ يَغِيثُهُ، وَهُوَ قَلِيلٌ
And it is said in this regard: 'He aided him, he aids him,' which is rare.
وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ مِنَ الْغَيْثِ، لَا الْإِغَاثَةِ
And it is only from the rain, not from the act of aiding.
غَاثَهُ يَغُوثُهُ غَوْثًا، هُوَ الْأَصْلُ، فَأُمِيتَ
He aided him, he aids him with aid; this is the origin, and it has been made obsolete.
وَلَمْ أَسْمَعْ أَحَدًا يَقُولُ: غَاثَهُ يَغُوثُهُ بِالْوَاوِ
And I have not heard anyone say: 'He aided him, he aids him' with a waw.
وَأَغَاثَهُ اللهُ، وَغَاثَهُ غَوْثًا وَغِيَاثًا، وَالْأَوَّلُ أَعْلَى
And God aided him, and He aided him with aid and succor, and the first [form] is more elevated.
وَالْغِيَاثُ، بِالْكَسْرِ
And al-Ghiyath, with kasra.
فَصَارَتِ الْوَاوُ يَاءً لِكَسْرَةِ مَا قَبْلَهَا، وَهُوَ مَوْجُودٌ فِي أُصُولِ الْبُخَارِيِّ بِالرِّوَايَاتِ الثَّلَاثِ
So the waw became a ya' due to the kasra before it, and this is found in the original manuscripts of Al-Bukhari with the three narrations.
وَأَنْكَرَ الْكَسْرَ بَعْضُ أَئِمَّةِ اللُّغَةِ؛ وَلِذَا خَلَتْ عَنْهُ دَوَاوِينُ اللُّغَةِ
And some linguists denied the kasra; therefore, it is absent from the dictionaries of language.
وَالضَّمُّ رَوَوْهُ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ، وَالْفَتْحُ الَّذِي هُوَ شَاذٌّ نَسَبَهُ الْحَافِظُ ابْنُ حَجَرٍ فِي فَتْحِ الْبَارِي لِلْأَكْثَرِ
And the damma was narrated by Abu Dharr, and the fatḥ, which is irregular, was attributed by Al-Hafiz Ibn Hajar in Fath al-Bari to the majority.
وَقَالَ الْبَدْرُ الدَّمَامِينِيُّ فِي الْمَصَابِيحِ: بِهِ قَيَّدَهُ ابْنُ الْخَشَّابِ وَغَيْرُهُ، وَالْكَسْرُ ذَكَرَهُ ابْنُ قَرْقُولٍ فِي الْمَطَالِعِ، وَشَيْخُهُ الْقَاضِي عِيَاضٌ فِي الْمَشَارِقِ، وَبِهِ صَدَّرَ فِي الْيُونِينِيَّةِ، وَتَبِعَهُ أَهْلُ الْفُرُوعِ قَاطِبَةً، كَذَا نَقَلَهُ شَيْخُنَا
And Al-Badr Al-Dimamini said in Al-Masabih: Ibn Al-Khishab and others have restricted it to this, and the kasra was mentioned by Ibn Qurqul in Al-Matalih, and his teacher Al-Qadi Iyad in Al-Mashariq, and it was presented as the primary form in Al-Yuniniyyah, and the scholars of jurisprudence followed him entirely, thus our teacher narrated.
وَالْغِيَاثُ: مَا أَغَاثَكَ اللهُ بِهِ
And al-Ghiyath: that by which God aids you.
وَالْمَغَاوِيثُ: الْمِيَاهُ
And al-Magawith: waters.
قِيلَ: هِيَ مِنْ جُمُوعٍ لَا مُفْرَدَ لَهَا
It is said: they are plurals that have no singular form.
وَالْغَوِيثُ كَأَمِيرٍ، وَفِي نُسْخَةٍ وَالتَّغْوِيثُ، وَهُوَ خَطَأٌ: شِدَّةُ الْعَدْوِ
And al-Ghawith, like Amir, and in one version, al-Taghwīth, which is an error: intensity of running.
يُقَالُ: إِنَّهُ لَذُو غَوِيثٍ
It is said: Indeed, he is of great speed.
وَالْغَوِيثُ أَيْضًا: مَا أَغَثْتَ بِهِ الْمُضْطَرَّ مِنْ طَعَامٍ أَوْ نَجْدَةٍ
And al-Ghawith also: what you aid a distressed person with, such as food or help.
وَقَدْ سَمَّوْا غَوْثًا، وَهُوَ اسْمٌ يُوضَعُ مَوْضِعَ الْمَصْدَرِ مِنْ أَغَاثَ، وَغِيَاثًا بِالْكَسْرِ، وَمُغِيثًا بِالضَّمِّ
And they named [their children] Ghawth, which is a noun used in place of the masdar from 'agaatha', and Ghiyath (with kasra), and Mughith (with damma).
وَالْغَوْثُ: بَطْنٌ مِنْ طَيِّءٍ
And Ghawth: a clan of Tayy.
وَغَوْثٌ: قَبِيلَةٌ مِنَ الْيَمَنِ، وَهُوَ غَوْثُ بْنُ أَدَدِ بْنِ زَيْدِ بْنِ كَهْلَانَ بْنِ سَبَإٍ
And Ghawth: a tribe from Yemen, and it is Ghawth son of Adad son of Zayd son of Kahlan son of Saba'.
وَغَوْثٌ: حَيٌّ مِنَ الْأَزْدِ، وَمِنْهُ قَوْلُ زُهَيْرٍ: وَتَخْشَى رُمَاةُ الْغَوْثِ مِنْ كُلِّ مَرْصَدٍ
And Ghawth: a branch of the Azd, and from it is the saying of Zuhayr: 'And the archers of Ghawth are feared from every vantage point.'
وَالْغَوْثُ بْنُ مُرٍّ، فِي مُضَرَ
And Ghawth son of Murr, among the Mudhar.
وَالْغَوْثُ بْنُ أَنْمَارٍ، فِي الْيَمَنِ، كَذَا فِي أَنْسَابِ الْوَزِيرِ
And Ghawth son of Anmar, in Yemen, as stated in the genealogies of Al-Wazir.
وَغَوْثُ بْنُ سُلَيْمَانَ الْحَضْرَمِيُّ الْقَاضِي: مِصْرِيٌّ
And Ghawth son of Sulayman Al-Hadrami the judge: an Egyptian.
وَيَوْمُ أَغْوَاثٍ: ثَانِي يَوْمٍ مِنْ أَيَّامِ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ
And the Day of Aghwath: the second day of the battles of Qadisiyyah.
لَمْ تَعْرِفِ الْخَيْلُ الْعِرَابُ سَوَاءَنَا عَشِيَّةَ أَغْوَاثٍ بِجَنْبِ الْقَوَادِسِ
The Arabian horses did not know anyone like us on the evening of Aghwath, near Al-Qawadis.
وَالْغَوَاثُ، كَسَحَابٍ: الزَّادُ، يَمَانِيَّةٌ
And al-Ghawath, like Sahab: provisions, a Yemeni term.
وَحَفِيدُهُ حَفْصُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، الْقَاضِي الْحَنَفِيُّ، مَشْهُورٌ
And his grandson Hafs bin Ghiyath, the Hanafi judge, is famous.
وَابْنُهُ عُمَرُ بْنُ حَفْصِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ: شَيْخُ الْبُخَارِيِّ وَمُسْلِمٍ
And his son Umar bin Hafs bin Ghiyath: the teacher of Bukhari and Muslim.
وَأَبُو غِيَاثٍ رَوْحُ بْنُ الْقَاسِمِ، ثِقَةٌ
And Abu Ghiyath Rawh bin Al-Qasim, trustworthy.
وَحُذَيْفَةُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ الْعَسْكَرِيُّ الْأَصْبَهَانِيُّ، شَيْخٌ لِابْنِ فَارِسٍ
And Hudhayfah bin Ghiyath Al-Askari Al-Isbahani, a teacher of Ibn Faris.
وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ السَّرْخَسِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ
And Muhammad bin Ghiyath Al-Sarakhsi, from Malik.
وَغِيَاثُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ الْعُقَيْلِيُّ، سَمِعَ ابْنَ رِيدَةَ
And Ghiyath bin Muhammad bin Ahmad bin Muhammad bin Ghiyath Al-Uqaili, heard from Ibn Rida.
وَغِيَاثُ بْنُ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ أَبِي مُسْلِمٍ الْكُجِيِّ
And Ghiyath bin Muhammad bin Ghiyath, from Abu Muslim Al-Kuji.
وَغِيَاثُ بْنُ فَارِسِ بْنِ أَبِي الْجُودِ الْمُقْرِئُ، مَاتَ سَنَةَ 605
And Ghiyath bin Faris bin Abi Al-Joud the reciter, died in the year 605.
وَغِيَاثُ بْنُ غَوْثٍ التَّغْلِبِيُّ، الشَّاعِرُ الْمَعْرُوفُ بِالْأَخْطَلِ
And Ghiyath bin Ghawth Al-Taghlibi, the poet known as Al-Akhtal.
وَبِلَالُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ
And Bilal bin Ghiyath, from Abu Hurayrah.
وَالْأَخْنَسُ بْنُ غِيَاثٍ الْأَحْمَسِيُّ، شَاعِرٌ فِي زَمَنِ الْحَجَّاجِ
And Al-Akhnas bin Ghiyath Al-Ahmasi, a poet in the time of Al-Hajjaj.
وَأَبُو غِيَاثٍ إِسْحَاقُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، عَنْ حَبَّانَ بْنِ عَلِيٍّ
And Abu Ghiyath Ishaq bin Ibrahim, from Habban bin Ali.
وَكَتَّانٌ، غِيَاثُ بْنُ هَبَّابِ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ الْأَنْطَاكِيُّ، عَنِ ابْنِ رِفَاعَةَ الْفَرْضِيِّ
And Kattan, Ghiyath bin Habbab bin Ghiyath Al-Antaki, from Ibn Rifaa'ah Al-Farḍi.
وَأَحْمَدُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ بْنِ غِيَاثٍ الْمَالِكِيُّ، لُقِّنَ عَنِ ابْنِ مَرْوَانَ بْنِ سِرَاجٍ
And Ahmad bin Ibrahim bin Ghiyath Al-Maliki, was prompted by Ibn Marwan bin Siraj.
وَالْمُغِيثَةُ: مَوْضِعَانِ، بَيْنَ الْقَادِسِيَّةِ وَالْقَرْعَاءِ، وَبَيْنَ مَعْدِنِ النُّقْرَةِ وَالْعُمْقِ عِنْدَ مَاوَانَ
And Al-Mughithah: two places, between Al-Qadisiyyah and Al-Qar'aa, and between Ma'din Al-Nuqrah and Al-'Umq near Mawan.
وَقِيلَ: هُمَا رَكِيَّتَانِ يَنْزِلُ عَلَيْهِمَا الْحَاجُّ
And it is said: they are two wells upon which pilgrims descend.
وَالْمُغِيثَةُ: مَدْرَسَةٌ بِبَغْدَادَ مِنْ الْمَدَارِسِ الشَّرْقِيَّةِ
And Al-Mughithah: a madrasa in Baghdad, from the eastern madrasas.