← Back to Taj al-Arus

شيء

Root entry · 10 derived lemmas

This root primarily concerns the concept of 'thing' or 'something', encompassing its existence, nature, and various states. It also extends to notions of causing, bringing about, or making something happen, as well as describing something as ugly or ill-formed.

Derived headwords

شَيْءnoun
  1. 1.
    thingboth

    A general term for an entity, object, or concept; something that exists or is conceived.

  2. 2.
    a littleclassical

    Used in expressions of comparison to denote a small amount or degree.

والشيآن أي كشيعان — And al-shay'ān, meaning like shay'ān
أَشْيَاءnoun
  1. 1.
    thingsboth

    The plural of 'shay'' (thing), referring to multiple entities or objects.

لا تسألوا عن أشيآء — Do not ask about things
شَاءَverb
  1. 1.
    to willboth

    To desire, intend, or wish for something; often used in a divine context.

  2. 2.
    to happenboth

    To occur or come to pass.

شَيْءnoun
  1. 1.
    wonderclassical

    An exclamation of surprise or astonishment.

ويا شييء كلمة يتعجب بها — And 'yā shay'ee' is a word used for expressing wonder
أَشَاءَverb
  1. 1.
    to cause to comeclassical

    To make something come or arrive; to lead or bring someone to a place.

وأشاءه إليه لغة في أجاءه أي ألجأه — And 'ashā'ahu ilayhi is a dialectal variant of 'ajā'ahu, meaning 'he caused him to enter'
مُشَيَّأadjective
  1. 1.
    ill-formedclassical

    Describing something as having a bad or ugly form; malformed or misshapen.

والمشيأ كمعظم هو المختلف الخلق المختله — And 'al-mushayya'' like 'al-mu'azzam' is the one of different and ugly creation
شَيَّأَverb
  1. 1.
    to make uglyclassical

    To make something or someone ugly or ill-formed.

وشيأ الله تعالى خلقه ووجهه أي قبحه — And Allah Almighty made His creation and His face ugly, meaning He made them ugly
تَشَيَّأَverb
  1. 1.
    to become calmclassical

    To cease to be angry; to become tranquil or composed.

وتشيأ الرجل إذا سكن غضبه — And a man 'tashayya'a' if his anger subsides
شَيَّأْتُهُverb
  1. 1.
    to burdenclassical

    To load someone with a task or responsibility; to compel them to do something.

وشئته كجيئته على الأمر: حملته عليه — And 'shay'tuhu' like 'jay'tuhu' upon the matter: 'I burdened him' with it
أَشْيَاءnoun
  1. 1.
    a littleclassical

    Used in expressions of comparison to denote a small amount or degree.

هو أحسن منك شيئا — He is better than you by a little

Parallel reading

أصل شيء شييء على مثال شيع
The origin of 'shay'' is 'shayee'' on the pattern of 'shaya''.
فجمع على أفعلاء مثل هين وأهيناء ولين وألينا
Then it was pluralized as 'af'ilaa'' like 'hayn' and 'ahynaa'' and 'layn' and 'alynaa''.
ثم خفف فقيل شيء كما قالوا هين ولين
Then it was lightened, and 'shay'' was said, as they said 'hayn' and 'layn'.
فقالوا أشياء، فحذفوا الهمزة الأولى
So they said 'ashyaa'', and they deleted the first hamza.
وهذا القول أيضا غلط، لأن شيئا فعل، وفعل لا يجمع على أفعلاء
And this saying is also a mistake, because 'shay'' is 'fa'al', and 'fa'al' is not pluralized as 'af'ilaa''.
فأما هين فأصله هين فجمع على أفعلاء كما يجم فعيل على أفعلاء مثل نصيب وأنصباء
As for 'hayn', its origin is 'hayn', and it was pluralized as 'af'ilaa'' just as 'fa'eel' is pluralized as 'af'ilaa'' like 'nasīb' and 'ansibaa''.
فحاصل ما ذكر يرجع إلى ثلاثة أبنية تعرف بالاعتبار والوزن بعد الحذف فتصير خمسة أقوال
So the summary of what has been mentioned returns to three structures known by consideration and weight after deletion, making five sayings.
وذلك أن أشياء هل هي اسم جمع وزنها فعلاةء أو جمع على فعلاء ووزنه بعد الحذف أفعاء أو أفلاء أو أفياء أو أصلها أفعال
And that is whether 'ashyaa'' is a collective noun whose weight is 'fa'alaa'', or a plural on the pattern of 'af'alaa'', and its weight after deletion is 'af'aa'' or 'afilaa'' or 'afiyaa'' or its origin is 'af'aal'.
وأحسن هذه الأقوال كلها وأقربها إلى الصواب قول الكسائي، لأنه فعل جمع على أفعال، مثل سيف وأسياف
And the best of all these sayings and the closest to correctness is the saying of Al-Kisa'i, because it is 'fa'al' pluralized as 'af'aal', like 'sayf' and 'asyaaf'.
وأما منع الصرف فيه فعلى التشبيه بفعلاء
As for the prohibition of its inflection, it is by analogy with 'af'alaa''.
وقد يشبه الشيء بالشيء فيعطي حكمه
And a thing may be likened to another thing, and it is given its ruling.
فإنها جمعت على أشاوى
For it was pluralized as 'ashaawi'.
وأفعال لا يجمع على أفاعل
And 'af'aal' is not pluralized as 'afaa'il'.
ويدل على صحة ذلك أنه لا يصرف، وأنه يصغر على أشياء
And that it is not inflected, and that it is diminutivized to 'ushaiyya', indicates the correctness of that.
فلو كانت أفعلاء لكان جمع كثرة ولو كانت جمع كثرة لوجب ردها إلى المفرد عند التصغير إذ ليس لها جمع القلة
If it were 'af'ilaa'', it would be a plural of multitude, and if it were a plural of multitude, it would be necessary to return it to the singular when diminutivizing, as it does not have a plural of fewness.