Lane's Lexicon (Edward Lane, 1863)

ثَقْنٌ ثقن Weight: or a weight: syn. ثِقْلٌ. (T.)

ثَفَنٌ ثفن ثفنن ثفنة A disease in the ثَفِنَة [q. v.]. (K.)

ثُفُنُ مَزَادَةٍ ثفن مزاده ثفن مزادة The sewed sides of a leathern water-bag. (S.)

ثَفِنَةٌ ثفنه ثفنة [The callosity, or callous protuberance, upon ] the knee; and what touches the ground, [ in the act of lying down, ] of [ the callosity upon the breast called ] the كِرْكِرَة and the سَعْدَانَة, [two words having the same meaning, for the latter of which the K erroneously substitutes the pl. form,] and of [ each of the stifle-joints, i. e.,] the roots, or lower parts, of the thighs; of the camel: (M, K: *) pl. ثِفَنٌ and ثِفَانٌ (M, K) and ثِفِنَاتٌ: (T, S, M:) the ثَفِنَات of the camel are the parts that fall upon the ground when the animal lies down, and that become rough, or callous, such as the two knees, &c.; (S;) the parts that are next the ground when the camel lies down, one of them being the كِرْكِرَة, with which they are five in number [as explained above]: or, as some say, the ثَفِنَة is [only the stifle-joint, i. e.,] the joint between the thigh and the ساق [or leg properly so called], internally, [meaning anteriorly, ] and [the knee, i. e.,] the joint between the shank and the arm: (T:) or, accord. to some, any part that is next the ground, of any quadruped, when he lies down like the camel and like the sheep. (M.) ― -b2- Hence, (TA,) [The stifle-joint, i. e.,] the joint between each thigh and leg, internally, [meaning anteriorly, ] of a horse. (M, K.) ― -b3- Hence also, (TA,) The knee of a man: or [so accord. to the M, but in the K “ and, ”] the place of union of the shank and thigh: (M, K:) [or the lower portion of the fore part of the knee, which becomes callous in consequence of much kneeling: see 3, first sentence. Hence,] 'Abd-Allah Ibn-Wahb Er-Rásibee was surnamed ذُو الثَّفِنَاتِ (S, M, K *) from his much praying, (M,) because long prostration produced an [indurating] effect upon his ثفنات: (S, K:) and 'Alee Ibn-El-Hoseyn Ibn-'Alee, (K, TA,) known by the appellation of Zeyn-el-'Ábìdeen, (TA,) was [likewise] so surnamed, (K, TA,) because those parts of him upon which he prostrated himself were like the ثفنة of the camel in consequence of his much praying: (TA:) so too was 'Alee Ibn-AbdAllah Ibn-El-'Abbás. (A, K.) ― -b4- الثَّفِنَةُ مِنَ الجُلَّةِ, (K, [in some of the copies of the K الحُلَّة, which, as is said in the TA, is a mistake,]) or ثَفِنَتَا الجُلَّةِ, (AHn, M,) The two edges of the lower part of the جُلَّة, (AHn, M, K,) [meaning,] of the dates [ contained in the receptacle thus called; app. because the dates in the edges become more dry and hard than the main portion]. (AHn, M.) -A2- Also A number, and a company, of men. (M, K.) -A3- And [as fem. of ثَفِنٌ, which is perhaps unused,] A she-camel that strikes with her ثَفِنَات [here meaning her stifle-joints ] on the occasion of her being milked. (M, K.) Her case is easier than that of the ضَجُور. (M.)

مُثْفَنٌ مثفن , (M,) or ↓ مُثْفِنٌ, (TA,) may mean Large in the ثَفِنَات. (M, TA.)

مُثْفِنٌ مثفن : see مُثْفِنٌ: -A2- and see also مُثَافِنٌ.

مِثْفَنٌ لِخَصْمِهِ مثفن لخصمه مثفن لخصمة A man who keeps, cleaves, clings, or holds fast, to his adversary, or antagonist. (M.) [See also مُثَافِنٌ.]

مُثَفِّنٌ مثفن : see مُثَافِنٌ.

مِثْفَانٌ مثفان A camel whose ثَفِنَة [here meaning his stifle-joint ] has hit, or hurt, his side and his belly, (K, TA,) usually. (TA.)

مُثَافِنٌ مثافن Keeping to a person, or thing, constantly, perseveringly, or assiduously: (T, M:) or keeping, cleaving, or clinging, to another: as also ↓ مُثْفِنٌ or ↓ مُثِفِّنٌ (K, accord. to different copies,) [or, probably, مِثْفَنٌ, q. v.].

1 ثَفَاهُ ثفاه ثفاة , aor. ثَفُوَ : see art. ثفى.

1 ثَفَاهُ ثفاه ثفاة , aor. ثَفِىَ (M, K) and ثَفُىَ , (K,) He followed him; (M, K;) as also أَثَفَهُ: or he was with him, near after him, or at his heels, as though treading in his footsteps: (TA:) or ثَفَوْتُ الرَّجُلَ signifies I was with the man, near after him, &c.: and جَاآءَ يَثْفُوهُ, he came following him. (M.) ― -b2- ثَفَيْتُ القَوْمَ I drove away, or drove away and pursued closely, or hunted, the people, or company of men; syn. طَرَدْتُ: (K:) perhaps from أَثَفَهُ, which also signifies طَرَدَهُ. (TA.)

2 ثفّى القِدْرَ ثفي القدر , (S, M, K, [in the CK, the verb is erroneously without teshdeed,]) He put the cooking-pot upon the أَثَافِى [pl. of أُثْفِيَّةٌ, q. v.]; (S, M, K; *) as also ↓ أَثْفَاهَا; (M, K;) and اثّفها, (K,) inf. n. تَأْثِيفٌ; (TA;) and أَثَفَهَا; (so in some copies of the K;) or اآثَفَهَا, (so in other copies of the K, and in the TA,) inf. n. اـِيثَافٌ: (TA:) or ↓ اثفاها signifies he put, or made, for it أَثَافِى. (S.) ― -b2- [Hence,] ثُفِّيَتِ المَرْأَةُ (tropical:) The woman was a wife of a man who had two wives beside herself; she being the third of them; they being likened to the أَثَافِى of the cooking-pot. (M.) And ↓ أَثْفَى (assumed tropical:) He took three women as his wives. (K.)

4 اثفى القِدْرَ اثفي القدر : see 2, in two places. See also Q. Q. 1 in art. اثف. ― -b2- And اثفى said of a man: see 2.

5 تثفّى فُلَانًا عِرْقُ سَوْءٍ تثفي فلانا عرق س تثفي فلانا عرق سوء [ Evil origin, or a bad hereditary disposition, ] withheld such a one (قَصَّرَ بِهِ [in the CK, erroneously, قَصُرَ به]) from generous actions. (K)

ثُفَّاآءٌ ثفاآء , or ثُفَاآءٌ; n. un. with ة: see art. ثفأ.

أُثْفِيَّةٌ ذ (S, M, K, &c.) and اـِثْفِيَّةٌ (Fr, A 'Obeyd, K) The stone [ which is one of the three ] whereon the cooking-pot is placed: (M, * K:) it is a stone like the head of a man: (T, TA:) pl. أَثَافِىُّ and أَثَافٍ. (S, K, &c.) [See more in art. اثف.]

مِثْفًى مثفى مثفي , and its fem. مثْفَاةٌ: see what next follows, in three places.

مُثَفًّى مثفى مثفي , (M,) or ↓ مِثْفًى, (K, [but this is probably a mistranscription,]) (assumed tropical:) A man of whom many wives die: (M, K:) or of whom three wives have died: (M, K: *) and مُثَفَّاةٌ, (T, M,) or ↓ مِثْفَاةٌ, (K, [but this, again, is probably a mistranscription,]) (assumed tropical:) a woman of whom many husbands die: (M, K:) or of whom three husbands have died: (M:) or it signifies also (K) a woman who has buried three husbands: (IAar, T, K:) or مُثَفَّاةٌ signifies [like مُؤَثَّفَةٌ] (assumed tropical:) a woman whose husband has two wives beside her; she being the third of them; they being likened to the أَثَافِى of the cooking-pot: and ↓ مُثَفِّيَةٌ, (assumed tropical:) a woman of whom three husbands have died: and ↓ مُثَفٍّ, (assumed tropical:) a man of whom three wives have died. (S.) ― -b2- مُثَفَّاةٌ, (S,) or ↓ مِثْفَاةٌ, (K,) also signifies (assumed tropical:) A brand, or mark made with a hot iron, upon an animal, resembling the أَثَافِى [ of the cooking pot ]. (S, K.)

مُثَفٍّ مثف , and its fem. مُثَفِّيَةٌ: see what next precedes.

قَدْرٌ مُؤَثْفَاةٌ ذ A cooking-pot put upon the أَثَافِى. (K * and TA, and M in art. اثف, q. v. [In the CK, erroneously, مُؤْثَفاةٌ.])

1 ثَقَبَ ثقب ثقبة , (S, A, K, &c.,) aor. ثَقُبَ , (JK, Msb,) inf. n. ثَقْبٌ, (JK, S, Msb,) He made a hole in a thing (JK, * S, * A, Mgh, Msb, K) with a مِثْقَب; (A, Msb;) meaning, a hole of small size; (Mgh;) such as passed through; he perforated, bored, or pierced, it: (A, Mgh, K:) and in like manner, ↓ ثقّب, (K,) but this signifies he did so much, or to several, or many, things; (S, TA;) and ↓ تثقّب. (K, TA) You say, ثَقَبَ الدُّرَّ [ He bored, or perforated, or pierced, the pearls ]; (A, TA;) and الاُّذُنَ [ the ear ]. (Mgh.) And ثَقَبَ القَرْحَ He pierced, or punctured, the purulent pustule, in order that the fluid, or water, in process of excretion, might issue. (A, TA.) And ثَقَبَ الحَلَمُ الجِلْدَ The [ ticks called ] حَلَم pierced holes in the skin. (A, TA.) And البَرَاقِعَ ↓ ثَقَّبْنَ (A, Mgh) They made holes in the face-veils, (Mgh,) لِعُيُونِهِنَّ [ for their eyes ]: (A:) said of women. (Mgh.) ― -b2- [Hence,] ثَقَبَ الكَوْكَبُ, (K, and Ham p. 701,) [aor. ثَقُبَ ,] inf. n. ثُقُوبٌ, (JK, Ham,) (tropical:) The star shone brightly [ as though it pierced through the darkness: see ثَاقِبٌ]: (K:) or shone and glistened intensely. (Ham ubi suprà.) And ثَقَبَتِ النَّارُ, (S, L, K,) aor. ثَقُبَ , (S, L,) inf. n. ثُقُوبٌ (S, L, K) and ثَقَابَةٌ, (S, L,) (tropical:) The fire burned brightly; burned, blazed, or flamed, up. (S, L, K.) And ثَقَبَ الزَّنْدُ, (JK, TA,) aor. ثَقُبَ , inf. n. ثُقُوبٌ, (TA,) (assumed tropical:) [ The زند emitted fire ]: said when the spark falls (JK, TA) upon [or from] the زند [or wooden instrument for producing fire]. (JK.) ― -b3- ثَقَبَتِ الرَّائِحَةُ (tropical:) The odour diffused itself, and rose. (K, TA.) ― -b4- ثَقَبَ رَأْيُهُ, (K,) inf. n. ثُقُوبٌ, (TA,) (tropical:) His judgment was penetrating; syn. نَفَذَ. (K.) ― -b5- ثَقَبَتِ النَّاقَةُ, (JK, S, K,) aor. ثَقُبَ , inf. n. ثُقُوبٌ, (JK, TA,) (tropical:) The she-camel had much milk; abounded with milk. (JK, S, K.) -A2- ثَقُبَ, aor. ثَقُبَ , (K,) inf. n. ثَقَابَةٌ, (JK, A, K,) (tropical:) He (a man, JK, A) was, or became, very red; (JK, A, K;) so as to be likened to the flame of fire. (A, TA.)

2 ثقّب ثقب ثقبة : see 1, in two places. ― -b2- [Hence,] (tropical:) He (a bird) soared high, piercing the region of the air next to the clouds: (A, TA:) or reached, or ascended to, the midst of the sky. (TA.) ― -b3- ثقّبهُ الشَّيْبُ, (JK, A, K,) inf. n. تَثْقِيبٌ; (JK, K;) and ثقّب فِيهِ; (IAar, K;) (tropical:) Hoariness appeared upon him: (K:) or began to appear upon him: (A, TA:) or became intermixed in his hair; or appeared and spread upon him; or his blackness and whiteness of hair became equal. (A, TA.) And ثقّب الشَّيْبُ بِاللِّحْيَةِ (tropical:) Hoariness commenced in the sides of the beard. (A.) ― -b4- ثقّب عُودُ العَرْفَجِ (tropical:) The stalk of the عرفج [q. v.], the plant being rained upon, became soft: (S:) or the sap ran in it, and it put forth leaves. (JK, A.) When it has become blackish, one says of it, قَبِلَ: when it has increased a little, أَدْبَى; in which state it is fit to be eaten: and when its خُوص are perfect, أَخْوَصَ. (S.) -A2- ثقّب, (A, K,) inf. n. تَثْقِيبٌ, (S, K,) also signifies (tropical:) He made a lamp, and a fire, to burn, shine, glisten, or gleam, very brightly, as though piercing through the darkness, and dispelling it; and so ↓ اثقب; (A, TA;) and the latter, he kindled a fire (TA) with tinder, (A, TA,) or camel's dung, or the like: (A:) or both signify he made a fire to burn brightly; to burn, blaze, or flame, up; (S, K;) and so ↓ تثقّب: (K:) or, accord. to AZ, النَّارَ ↓ اثقب, inf. n. اـِثْقَابٌ, signifies he scraped a hole for the fire, in the ground, then put upon it, [i. e. the fire] dung, such as is called بَعْر, and small pieces of fire-wood or similar fuel, and then buried it in the dust; and so النَّارَ ↓ تثقّب, and بِهَا ↓ تثقّب; as also مسّك بِالنَّارِ, inf. n. تَمْسِبكٌ: and النَّارَ ↓ تثقّب signifies also he struck fire: and ↓ اثقب, inf. n. as above, he made a spark to fall from a زَنْد, q. v. (TA.)

4 أَثْقَبَ see 2, in three places.

5 تَثَقَّبَ see 1, first sentence: ― -b2- and see also 2, in four places: -A2- and 7, in two places.

7 انثقب أنثقب انثقب ٱنثقب It was, or became, perforated, bored, or pierced; and in like manner, [but properly, as quasi-pass. of 2, signifying it was, or became, perforated, &c., much or in many places, ] ↓ تثقّب. (K.) You say, الجِلْدُ ↓ تثقّب The skin was, or became, pierced with holes by the [ticks called] حَلَم. (S, A.)

ثَقْبٌ ثقب ثقبة (S, A, Mgh, Msb. K) and ↓ ثُقْبٌ (Msb) and ↓ ثَقْبَةٌ (S, A, Mgh, Msb) A hole, perforation, or bore, that penetrates, or passes through, a thing; (A, Mgh, K;) accord. to Mtr, (Msb,) only such as is small; (Mgh, Msb;) such as is large being termed نَقْبٌ, with ن: (Mgh:) or a hole that is not deep: or, as some say, a hole descending into the earth: (Msb: [but this last explanation is not of general application:]) said to be opposed to شَقٌّ: (TA:) pl. [of mult.] (of the first word, S, Msb, K) ثُقُوبٌ (S, A, Msb, K) and [of pauc.] أَثْقُبٌ (K) and (of ثُقْبَةٌ, S, Msb) ثُقَبٌ (S, A, Msb) and ثُقُبٌ. (S [in which this last is said to be with damm, meaning, to the ق, not (as some have supposed) to the ث only,] and A.) ثُقْبٌ: see ثَقْبٌ. ثُقْبَةٌ: see ثَقْبٌ.

ثِقَابٌ ثقاب : see what next follows.

ثَقُوبٌ ثقب ثقوب (tropical:) Fuel; or a thing with which fire is kindled, or made to burn brightly, or to burn, blaze, or flame, up; (JK, S, A;) as also ↓ ثِقَابٌ; (K;) consisting of small sticks, (S, TA,) or dung, such as is called بَعْر; (A, TA;) and tinder. (JK, A, TA.)

ثَقِيبٌ ثقيب (tropical:) A man very red; (JK, A, K;) so as to be likened to the flame of fire: (A:) fem. with ة. (JK, A.) ― -b2- See also ثَاقِبٌ, in three places.

ثَاقِبٌ ثاقب (tropical:) A star, and a lamp, and fire, (A,) or a flame of fire, or a shooting star, (S,) shining brightly: (S:) or shining, glistening, or gleaming, very brightly, as though piercing through the darkness, and dispelling it. (A, TA.) النَّجْمُ الثَّاقِبُ [in the Kur lxxxvi. 3] means (tropical:) The star, or asterism, brightly shining; (Fr, Bd, L;) as though it pierced through the darkness, or the celestial spheres, by its light: (Bd:) or the star, or asterism, that is high, above the others: or the planet Saturn: (L, K:) or the Pleiades, or any star or asterism, brightly shining; because it pierces through the darkness by its light. (Jel.) ― -b2- (assumed tropical:) A زَنْد (q. v.) that emits fire, when struck. (TA.) ― -b3- (tropical:) Applied to حَسَب [i. e. nobility, or grounds of pretension to respect or honour], it means Famous and exalted: (Lth, JK, A, * TA:) or bright; brilliant. (As, TA.) ― -b4- And hence, (tropical:) applied to knowledge [as meaning Penetrating, or brilliant ]. (As, TA.) You say also ثَاقِبُ العِلْمِ, for ثَاقِبٌ فِى العِلْمِ, meaning (tropical:) Brilliant [or penetrating ] in knowledge; as also ↓ مِثْقَبٌ: (TA:) which latter signifies also (tropical:) learned, and sagacious, or intelligent; (TA;) penetrating in judgment: (K:) and ثَاقِبُ الرَّأْىِ (tropical:) a man of sound and penetrating judgment, sagacity, or intelligence. (A, TA.) ― -b5- أَتَتْنِى عَنْهُمْ عَيْنٌ ثَاقِبَةٌ, (JK,) or عَنْكَ, (A, TA,) (tropical:) There came to me, from them, or from thee, certain, or sure, news or information. (JK, A, TA.) ― -b6- نَاقَةٌ ثَاقِبٌ (tropical:) A she-camel having much milk; abounding with milk; (AZ, JK, S, A, K;) as also ↓ ثَقِيبٌ; (AZ, JK, K;) and ↓ ثَقِيبَةٌ: (TA, voce نَقِيبَةٌ:) pl. (of the former, A) نُوقٌ ثُقُبٌ, (so in a copy of the A,) or ثُقَّبٌ. (TA.) One says also, مِنَ الاـِبِلِ ↓ اـِنَّهَا لَثَقِيبٌ, meaning Verily she is one that vies with the other camels abounding with milk, and surpasses them in abundance thereof. (TA.)

أَثْقَبُ ذ [ More, and most, piercing, or penetrating: &c.] ― -b2- [Hence,] أَثْقَبُ حَطَبٍ نَارًا (assumed tropical:) [ The most excellent of fire-wood in yielding fire ]. (TA in art. مظ.)

أُثْقُوبٌ ذ (assumed tropical:) A man (TA) who enters, or penetrates, much into affairs. (K, TA.)

مَثْقَبٌ مثقب (assumed tropical:) A great road, (K, TA,) which people [ as it were ] pierce, or perforate, by their tread. (TA.) [See also what next follows.]

مِثْقَبٌ مثقب An instrument with which one perforates, bores, or pierces; a drill, or the like: (S, A, Msb, K:) pl. مَثَاقِبُ. (A.) ― -b2- And hence, (tropical:) A road passing through a mountain; as though perforating it: (A, TA:) or a road passing through a stony and rugged tract: (L, TA:) and, with the article ال, particularly applied to the road of El- 'Irák, (A, K,) from El-Koofeh (K) to Mekkeh: (A, K:) or a road between El-Yemámeh and ElKoofeh: (L, TA:) and a road between Syria and El-Koofeh: (K:) or, accord. to El-Bekree and the Marásid, a road called after a man named مثقب. (MF, TA.) Hence the saying, هُوَ طَلَّاعُ المَثَاقِبِ, (tropical:) i. q. طَلَّاعُ الثَّنَايَا [q. v. voce ثَنِيَّةٌ]. (A, TA.) ― -b3- See also ثَاقِبٌ.

دُرٌّ مُثَقَّبٌ در مثقب (S, A) i. q. ↓ مَثْقُوبٌ [i. e. Bored, perforated, or pierced, pearls ]: (S, TA:) the pl. of the latter is مَثَاقِيبُ. (TA.) ― -b2- اـِهَابٌ مُثَقَّبٌ A hide pierced with holes by [the ticks called] حَلَم. (A, TA.) ― -b3- حَنَّ كَمَا حَنَّ اليَرَاعُ المُثقَّبُ [ He, or it, uttered plaintive sounds like the reed pierced with holes; i. e., the musical reed]. (A, TA.)

مَثْقُوبٌ مثقوب : see مُثَقَّبٌ.

1 ثَقُفَ ثقف , aor. ثَقُفَ , inf. n. ثَقَافَةٌ; and ثَقِفَ, aor. ثَقَفَ , inf. n. ثَقَفٌ (S, K) and ثَقْفٌ; (K;) He (a man, S) became skilled, or skilful; and light, active, quick, or sharp; and intelligent, or sagacious. (S, K, TA.) ― -b2- ثَقُفَ, aor. ثَقَافَةٌ, is also said of vinegar (خَلٌّ), meaning It was, or became, very acid; and so ثَقِفَ. (TA. [But I suspect that this may have been taken from a MS. in which خُلٌّ has been erroneously put for رَجُلٌ. In the JK, I find رَجُلٌ ثَقِيفٌ وَقَدْ ثَقُفَ ثَقَافَةً.]) -A2- ثَاقَفَهُ فَثَقَفَهُ, aor. of the latter ثَقُفَ : see 3. ― -b2- ثَقَفْتُ الشَّىْءَ, aor. ثَقَفَ , inf. n. ثَقَافَةٌ and ثُقُوفَةٌ, I was, or became, skilled in the thing. (Ham p. 772.) ― -b3- And ثَقْفٌ signifies The learning a thing quickly: [its verb is ثَقَفَ or ثَقِفَ:] you say, ثَقَفْتُ العِلْمَ فِى أَوْحَى مُدَّةٍ, and الصِّنَاعَةَ, I acquired knowledge, or the science, and the art, or handicraft, quickly [ in the shortest period ]: (TA:) and ثَقِفْتُ الحَدِيثَ I understood the narration, or tradition, &c., quickly. (Msb.) ثَقِفَهُ, aor. ثَقَفَ , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. ثَقْفٌ, (S, K, *) or ثَقَفٌ, (Msb,) [but the former is better known,] primarily signifies, He perceived it, or attained it, by knowledge, or by deed: (Bd ii. 187:) or he perceived it, or attained it, by his sight, by expertness in vision: and hence, (Er-Rághib, TA,) (tropical:) he reached him, or overtook him, (IF, Msb, K, and Er-Rághib,) in war, or fight: (Msb:) or (K) (assumed tropical:) he found him: (S, K, and Bd in ii. 187 &c.:) or (assumed tropical:) he found him in the way of taking and overcoming: (Ksh in ii. 187:) or (K) (assumed tropical:) he took him, or it, (Lth, Msb, K,) namely, a thing: (Msb:) or (K) by implication, (Bd in ii. 187,) (assumed tropical:) he gained the victory, or mastery, over him; overcame him; (IDrd, Msb, K, and Bd ubi suprà;) or got possession of him. (IDrd, Msb, K.) It is said in the Kur [ii. 187 and iv. 93], وَا@قْتُلُوهُمْ حَيْثُ ثَقِفْتُمُوهُمْ And slay ye them wherever ye find them: (Ksh, Bd, Jel, TA:) or wherever ye take them, or overcome them, or overtake them. (TA.) And exs. occur also in the Kur [iii. 108 and] viii. 59 and xxxiii. 61 [and lx. 2]. (TA.) For another ex., see 4, below. ― -b4- ثَقِفَهُ also signifies He thrust him, or pierced him, [with a spear or the like,] namely, a man. (Ham p. 772.) ― -b5- See also 2.

2 ثقّفهُ ثقف ثقفه ثقفة , (S, Msb, K,) inf. n. تَثْقِيفٌ, (S, Mgh, K, KL,) He straightened it, or made it even, (S, Mgh, K, KL,) or straightened what was crooked thereof; (Msb;) namely, a spear, (S, KL,) [and a bow, (see ثِقَافٌ,)] or a crooked thing; with the ثِقَاف: (Mgh:) [and so ↓ ثَقَفَهُ, accord. to an explanation of the inf. n. ثَقْفٌ in the KL.] تَثْقِيفُ السَّهْمِ عَلَى القَوْسِ, as meaning The directing the arrow upon the bow straightly towards the object aimed at, is not approved. (Mgh.) ― -b2- Hence, (Mgh,) (tropical:) He disciplined him, or educated him well, and amended him, or improved him. (Mgh, TA.) You say, لَوْلَا تَثْقِيفُكَ وَتَوْقِيفُكَ مَا كُنْتُ شَيْئًا (tropical:) [ But for thy disciplining, or good educating, and amending, or improving, and thy teaching, I had not been anything ]. (TA.) ― -b3- You say also, of vinegar, يُثَقِّفُ الطَّعَامَ, i. e. It makes food acid. (Har p. 227.)

3 ثَاْقَفَ ↓ ثاقفهُ فَثَقَفَهُ, (K,) inf. n. of the former مُثَاقَفَةٌ and ثِقَافٌ, (TA,) and aor. of the latter ثَقُفَ , (K,) He vied with him, or strove to surpass him, in skill, (K, TA,) and intelligence, or sagacity, and the perceiving, or attaining, of a thing, and the doing thereof, (TA,) and he surpassed him therein. (K, TA.) Er-Rághib says that this is metaphorical. (TA.) [Accord. to J,] المُثَاقَفَةُ is from ثَقُفَ in the first of the senses explained above. (S.) ― -b2- ثِقَافٌ also signifies The contending with another: and particularly in fight, or with the sword: (K: [see also ثَقْفٌ, below:]) and the using of, or performing with, the sword; like ثِقَافَةٌ. (TA.) And ثاقفهُ, inf. n. مُثَاقَفَةٌ, He played with him with the sword, or some other weapon. (TA.)

4 أُثْقِفْتُهُ ذ [ I was made to gain the mastery over him, or to overcome him: or, which is virtually the same,] he was appointed for me [ that I might have the mastery over him ]. (Sgh, K.) 'Amr Dhu-l-Kelb says, فَاـِنْ أُثْقِفْتُمُونِى فَا@قْتُلُونِى فَسَوْفَ تَرَوْنَ بَالِى ↓ وَاـِنْ أَثْقَفْ And if ye [ be made to ] gain the mastery over me, i. e. if it be appointed for you to meet me [ and overcome me ], then slay me: but if I meet [you and overcome ], then shall ye see my condition: but some relate it thus: وَمَنْ أَثْقَفْ, meaning but whom I meet, of you, I will slay him: (Skr, Sgh, TA:) [and J gives it thus:] فَاـِمَّا تَثْقَفُونِى الخ [meaning And if ye meet me &c.]. (S.)

5 تثقّف تثقف ثقف (tropical:) [ He was, or became, disciplined, or educated well, and amended, or improved; quasipass. of 2, q. v.] You say, هَلْ تَثَقَّفْتُ اـِلَّا عَلَى يَدِكَ (tropical:) [ Was I, or have I been, disciplined, &c., save by thy agency, or means? ]. (A, TA.)

6 تثاقفوا تثاقف تثاقفوا ثاقف They contended, or played, one with another, with swords, or other weapons. (TA.)

ثَقْفٌ ثقف Skilled, or skilful; and light, active, quick, or sharp; and intelligent, or sagacious; as also ↓ ثَقِفٌ and ↓ ثَقُفٌ (S, K) and ↓ ثَقِيفٌ and ↓ ثِقِّيفٌ: (K:) or ↓ ثَقِيفٌ signifies quick in understanding a narration: (Msb:) and ↓ ثَقَافٌ, applied to a woman, intelligent, or sagacious. (K.) You say also رَجُلٌ ثَقْفٌ لَقْفٌ and لَقِفٌ ↓ ثَقِفٌ, meaning A man who is a relater, a poet, an archer or a caster of the spear &c.: (Lth, JK, TA:) or light, active, quick, or sharp, and skilful: (S and K in art. لقف:) or quick in understanding what is said to him; and in taking what is thrown to him: or skilful in his art, or handicraft: (TA in that art.:) or a man who keeps, preserves, or guards, and manages, or orders, well, that which he possesses: (ISk, TA:) and Lh adds لَقِيفٌ ↓ ثَقِيفٌ: and Ibn-'Abbád, لِقِّيفٌ ↓ ثِقِّيفٌ. (TA.) ― -b2- A man quick in taking, or seizing, his opponents, or adversaries. (Ksh ii. 187.) -A2- ثَقْفٌ, or (as it is written in one place in the TA) ↓ ثَقَفٌ, also signifies Contention: and particularly in fight, or with the sword: like ثِقَافٌ [inf. n. of 3, q. v.]. (TA.)

ثَقَفٌ ثقف : see ثَقْفٌ.

ثَقُفٌ ثقف : see ثَقْفٌ.

ثَقِفٌ ثقف : see ثَقْفٌ, in two places.

ثَقَافٌ ثقاف : see ثَقْفٌ.

ثِقَافٌ ثقاف Skill, and intelligence, or sagacity; as also ↓ ثُقُوفَةٌ. (TA.) -A2- Also An instrument with which spears are straightened, (S, K, TA,) and bows also, (TA,) and [ other ] crooked things; (JK, Mgh, TA;) made of iron: (JK, TA:) or a strong piece of wood, a cubit in length, having at its extremity a hole large enough to admit the bow, [ or the spear ], which is inserted into it, and pinched and pressed in the part that requires this to be done until it becomes in the state that is desired; but this is not done to bows nor to spears until they have been greased, and prepared with fire, or exposed thereto so as to have become altered in colour: (AHn, TA:) the pl. [of pauc.] is أَثْقِفَةٌ and [of mult.] ثُقُفٌ. (JK, TA.) ― -b2- [Also The handle of a shield of the kind called حَجَفَة: see اـِخَاذَةٌ.]

ثَقِيفٌ ثقيف : see ثَقْفٌ, in three places. ― -b2- Also Very acid; applied to vinegar; (K;) and so ↓ ثِقِّيفٌ, (S, K,) like حِرِّيفٌ applied to the onion. (S.) And أَبُو ثَقِيفٍ (tropical:) Vinegar [itself]; so named because it makes food acid. (Har p. 227.) ― -b3- Also, and ↓ مَثْقُوفٌ, A thing skilled in. (Ham p. 772.) ― -b4- And both these words, A man thrust or pierced [with a spear or the like]. (Ham ibid.)